California

Ett trauma sätter inte spår bara hos den som upplevt det, utan kan prägla flera generationer. Nazanin Raissi reflekterar över fenomenet som kallas postmemory, eller postminne på svenska.

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ESSÄ: Detta är en text där skribenten reflekterar över ett ämne eller ett verk. Åsikter som uttrycks är skribentens egna. Ursprungligen publicerad 2023-01-19.

Fotoalbumets pärmar vilar mot bordet. Jag lösgör det svartvita familjefotografiet bakom det skyddande höljet och vänder på det. Baksidan täcks av text som strukits över med täta cirklar och streck av blå kulspetspenna. Jag lutar ögat mot Agfa-luppen som förflyttar mig närmare. Långsamt drar jag luppen över det blå klottret, som likt tusenåriga svårtydda inskriptioner på pergament, får mig att skymta det förflutna genom nuet. Jag visar fotografiet för min far. Berättar att jag vänder på varje fotografi. Minnen är alltid i kris, säger han. Texten förblir omöjlig att dechiffrera. Jag placerar tillbaka fotografiet i albumet. Människorna här är borta men deras spår kvarstår. 

Postmemory, eller postminne, beskriver en senare generations förhållande till det personliga, kollektiva eller kulturella trauma som en tidigare generation upplevt. Vi talar här om upplevelser som denna senare generation “minns” endast genom berättelser, bilder och handlingar. Upplevelser som överförts så djupt och monumentalt att de tycks utgöra minnen i sig själva enligt Marianne Hirsch, professor i litteratur vid Columbia University som formulerat begreppet. Förledet “post” ska inte tolkas som att vi i den senare generationen lever bortom minnet och att vi upplever det som historia. Nej, tvärtom reflekterar “post” här att minnet fritt förflyttar sig mellan generationer och människors medvetanden och på så vis blir ett slags gemensamt upplevd biografi. 

Hirsch utgår från Förintelsen i sin analys men menar att postminne kan uppstå i många olika sammanhang där traumatisk överföring sker. Ofta förs minnena vidare inom en familj, men familjeband är inte nödvändigt för att postminne ska uppstå. Vad som är av betydelse är att kunna identifiera sig med den som erfarit traumat. Identifikationen gör det möjligt för traumat att fortplanta sig, att bli ett minne i en yngre generation, också bortom släktskap. Förutsättningen är att där finns en länk till ett kulturellt eller nationellt trauma som skapar känslan av att “det kunde ha varit jag”. 

Till skillnad från minnen relaterade till posttraumatisk stress rör det sig således inte om lagrade och faktiska minnen, utan om ett slags “icke-minnen” överförda genom “kroppens språk”. Alltså minnen som saknar en konkret relation till det förflutna och som skapats av tystnad snarare än tal och av det osynliga snarare än det synliga. Postminne är att ärva ett stumt och okänt förflutet. Det kan liknas vid Sigmund Freuds beskrivning av traumat – som att ha en “främmande kropp” i psyket som begär att få bli förstådd. 

Att växa upp med överväldigande postminnen gör att de egna erfarenheterna riskerar att trängas undan och därmed kan en person indirekt formas av traumatiska händelser tidigare generationer upplevt. Med Hirschs ord “händelserna inträffade i det förflutna men deras effekter fortsätter in i nuet”. Eller som poeten Solmaz Sharif skriver: “Enligt de flesta / definitioner har jag aldrig / varit i krig. // Enligt mina / har merparten av mitt liv / tillbringats där.” Postminne är att “minnas” sina föräldrars minnen som vore de ens egna erfarenheter. Att minnas deras sår. 

Förefaller det dunkelt? Det är för att det är det. Det mänskliga minnet är ett landskap som till stora delar fortfarande är dolt och fyllt av hemligheter.

Muntliga och skriftliga berättelser lämnar spår men fotografier gör något mer. Fotografiet är en miniatyr av verkligheten säger författaren Susan Sontag. Filosofen och kritikern Roland Barthes menar att fotografiet ständigt bär med sig sitt motiv. Det är ett närvarobevis och ger därmed ett löfte om tillträde till det avbildade ögonblicket. Barthes skriver: “En sorts navelsträng, som förbinder det fotograferade tingets kropp med min blick: även om jag inte kan ta på det blir ljuset här ett köttsligt element, en hud som jag delar med den som har fotograferats.” 

För Hirsch är fotografiet postminnets främsta medium. Fotografier som överlever trauman, som överlever personerna på bilden, besitter en sällsam förmåga att verka som spöken som hemsöker nuet menar Hirsch. De visar oss att gränsen mellan de döda och de levande i själva verket är mycket tunn. Vi tittar på personerna och de tittar tillbaka. Vi förmår inte lämna varandra i fred.

Varje fotografi behöver tid för att existera. Varje fotografi representerar ett bestämt ögonblick. Fotografiet säger det var. Det var en gång ett krig. Det var en gång en familj. Det var en gång en far som i en hastig flykt valde att ta med ett fotoalbum. 

Fotografier gör mer än att visa scener och erfarenheter från det förflutna, de frigör sig från sin, till synes, tvådimensionella, stumma, fyrkantiga form och blir till fysiska berättelser menar konsthistorikern Jill Bennett. Vittnesmål som går under huden, berör och skakar om betraktaren. Antonio Damasio, professor i neurologi, beskriver våra synupplevelser som något fysiskt – det vi känner i våra kroppar när vi ser någonting. När vi tittar på fotografier söker vi mer än information. Vi tittar för att bli “träffade”, “sårade” och “chockade”. Vi tittar för att vi knyter an till döda objekt som aldrig svarar och vi genomsyrar dem med liv. 

Fotografiet får även en symbolisk roll. Det refererar till betydelser bortom det som faktiskt avbildas. Till familj, hem, tillhörighet, trygghet och till den kontinuitet som brutits och som blöder från en generation till en annan. 

Därför finns en länk mellan fotografi och kropp som möjligen förklarar fotografiets kraft att överbrygga gapet mellan dem som kom före och dem som kom efter.  

Konst som har sin utgångspunkt i den tidigare generationens trauma utgör fundamentet för Marianne Hirschs teori. När postminnen ges ny form och placeras i nya sammanhang kan de “arbetas igenom” för att åter tala med Freud. Inget kan såsom konsten uttrycka sammanblandningen av närvaro och frånvaro, nu och då, liv och död, ambivalens och begär. Allt det stoff som postminnen består av. Kanske kan, genom konsten, postminnen bearbetas. 

Jag trär på mig de vita tunna handskarna, tar fram fotografiet och lägger det varsamt med baksidan mot skannerns glas. I bildredigeringsprogrammet ökar jag bildens kontrast. Jag förändrar brännvidden och kommer sakta närmare. Bakom kulspetspennans cirklar och streck anar jag bokstäver och ett årtal men informationen förblir kodad. Jag kommer nära men jag kommer inte fram. Från originalfotografiet skapar jag en ny papperskopia. Med en kulspetspenna ritar jag egna cirklar av blått bläck över de redan existerande. Med en sax rispar jag bort de sista synliga spåren av ord. Minnen är alltid i kris.

Nazanin Raissi, psykolog och konstnär

Litteratur:

Barthes, Roland. (1986). Det ljusa rummet. Översättning: Mats Löfgren. Alfabeta. Stockholm, Sverige. 

Bennet, Jill. (2005). Empathic vision: Affect, trauma, and contemporary art. Stanford University Press. Stanford, California. 

Cozolino, Louis. (2006). The neuroscience of human relationships. W.W. Norton & Company. New York City, New York.

Damasio, Antonio R. (2003) Descartes Misstag. Översättning: Per Rundgren. Natur och Kultur. Stockholm, Sverige.

Hirsch, Marianne. (1997). Family frames: Photography narrative and postmemory. Harvard University Press. London, England.

Hirsch, Marianne. (2012). The generation of postmemory: Writing and visual culture after the holocaust. Columbia University Press. New York City, New York.

Sharif, Solmaz. (2017). Look. Översättning: Ida Börjel och Jennifer Hayashida. Rámus Förlag. Malmö, Sverige.

Sontag, Susan. (1977). On photography. Penguin Books. London, England.

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Trevlig lyssning.

Cheers!

Hello Interactors,

This is the first of a series of posts where I wrangle, disentangle, and find an angle on an alternative sustainable economy. My starting point is circular economy. It’s a seemingly straight forward concept — reduce, reuse, recycle, and repair. If only it was that easy.

As interactors, you’re special individuals self-selected to be a part of an evolutionary journey. You’re also members of an attentive community so I welcome your participation.

Please leave your comments below or email me directly.

Now let’s go…

ESG DISHARMONY

It’s been a confusing week for the green economy. The world’s largest asset manager, BlackRock, was the source of some of the biggest news. BlackRock has made strides in recent years to be a world leader in environmental, social, and corporate governance, or as it’s commonly called – ESG. ESG is a framework of metrics companies pledge to follow intended to identify, assess, and manage environmentally and socially sustainable, but still profitable, risks and opportunities through investments, corporate culture, and practices. This can typically, or ultimately, lead to divestments in the fossil fuel industry as more and more investors, customers, and employees desire and demand reductions in CO2 emissions.

But the state of Louisiana isn’t having it. They announced this week they’re pulling $749 million from BlackRock funds. Their state treasurer said BlackRock has “blatantly anti-fossil fuel policies” that damage the state’s energy industry and thus state revenue. It’s not just fossil-fuel fans who are unhappy with ESG. Elon Musk famously quipped that ESG’s are “an outrageous sham.” Tesla was initially praised for their leadership on the environment, “E”, but were removed from the S&P500 ESG index because of their lackluster reputation for “S” and “G”. Last April a judge and jury found Tesla to be liable for promoting a racially hostile environment at Tesla's factory in Fremont, California.

Dust ups like these have caused many companies, investors, and independent ESG rating firms to soften their language, add or subtract certain metrics, change the parameters, or rebrand their rating schemes. As a result, ESG, a segment of worldwide investment accounting for 1/3 of total assets worth around $35 trillion, has become extremely murky. In July, The Economist wrote,

“As it is, measurement of the size of the ESG market is confusing, the ratings are too subjective, and the industry over-promises and under-delivers.”

They went on to cite research that found

“ESG rating agencies are the veritable acme of inconsistency. A study of six of them found that they used 709 different metrics across 64 categories. Only ten categories were common to all—and they do not include such basics as greenhouse-gas emissions.”

In September, Dilbert predictably joined in the chorus of criticism.

Sadly, the concept of a ‘circular economy’ is following a similar path. Circular economies take limited raw materials used to make goods and loops them back into the economy instead of throwing them away – reduce, reuse, recycle, and repair. But the term ‘circular economy’, like ESG, has also become diffuse and trendy. The occurrence of these two words together, ‘circular economy’, doesn’t show up in the books Google has scanned until around 1990. It grew steadily until a dip leading up to the financial crisis in 2008. But since 2014, it has skyrocketed.

Even Wall Street now has funds popping up branded ‘Circular Economy’. In 2019 BlackRock launched a fund called “BlackRock Global Funds Circular Economy”. Its top holdings include two waste management companies, a Coca-Cola subsidiary, a water filtration company, and…wait for it…Microsoft? I guess that’s because of their public commitment to negative CO2 emissions. Not sure. If so, I’m suspicious of their noble, and needed, effort. Having watched the over-produced press announcement in person, I left feeling it was one part a greenwashing PR stunt and one part Microsoft seeing dollars signs selling cloud services to companies running toward their own vague, but earnest, ESG goals.

For example, running complicated AI models in the cloud to determine emission reductions, simulating breakthrough renewable energy technologies, or simply using Microsoft Teams so companies can cut their travel budgets while reducing CO2 emissions. In other words, to hit ESG goals – or attempt a circular economy – requires new technology; new technologies need software; and increasingly that software is run on Microsoft servers in the cloud…or in local data centers. Going green yields greenbacks.

Two other companies on that BlackRock list also give me pause. Both Republic Services and Waste Management profit from collecting, processing, and recycling industrial and consumer waste. More waste equals more money. One of the basic principles of sustainable and environmentally conscious business practices is reducing consumption and thus waste.

Are these companies ok with their customers cutting back on their garbage? Probably not. But they, like Microsoft, see opportunity in building ‘green’ processing plants, creating a market for recycled materials, and then reaping the profits. All of which would welcome – possibly even encourage – even more consumption. And that would yield more resource extraction and more garbage to process – resulting in more profits. That doesn’t sound very sustainable or ‘green’, unless you’re a chief financial officer.

MIND THE GAPS OF MIND TRAPS

In a 2021 paper titled Critique of the Circular Economy three researchers in the field of industrial ecology offer a critical look at the current state of the theories and practices of circular economies. Industrial ecologists track the physical resource flows of industrial and consumer systems at different spatial scales. They aim to reduce environmental impacts while enabling human well-being through more circular flows of resources instead of the more traditional linear flow of extract, produce, and dump. They write,

“In seeking to maintain a growth-based economy, critics argue, the circular economy ‘tinkers with the current modus operandi’ of “consumerism, extractivism and (liberal) capitalism, while bearing the unrealistic expectation that the individual consumer will be able to mobilize largescale change. The circular economy is considered to encourage a reboot for capitalism that requires no radical change to institutions, infrastructures, and markets.”

In this regard, they conclude,

“Without this transition, the new economy will simply maintain the current status quo.”

These researchers, writing in the Journal of Industrial Ecology, believe,

“Circular economy is based on an ideological agenda dominated by technical and economic accounts, which brings uncertain contributions to sustainability and depoliticizes sustainable growth. Bringing together these critiques demonstrates that the circular economy is far from being as promising as its advocates claim it to be.”

This begs the question, what do advocates promise? In 2020, another group of researchers writing in the journal, Resources, Conservation & Recycling write,

“While there were only 116 academic articles published on the topic [of circular economy] from 2001 to 2008, this number has grown exponentially to over 4900. Nevertheless, most of the [circular economy] discourse has actually been developed by actors in the government and private sectors, which have specific political and economic agendas, and have often used the [circular economy] as a narrative device for greenwashing.”

In their paper they seek to identify research gaps while also developing a classification scheme for the different beliefs and approaches to describing and articulating circular economies. In doing so, they hope to avoid the disillusion the ESG movement is witnessing by identifying shared beliefs, approaches, and missteps and their deficiencies.

In the set of research papers they evaluated, these five gaps were identified:

1. Systemic thinking on entropy, growth, capitalism, and decoupling

They found no coherent systemic economic or social theory underlying the circular economy. This makes for fertile ground to establish one, but it also leads to fuzzy thinking, confusion, disarray, and skepticism. There is seemingly no agreement on the physics of entropy given laws of thermodynamics. Materials degrade over time through recycling processes which means they can’t be recycled indefinitely. There is no ‘perpetual recycling machine’. New raw materials must then be extracted and injected into recycled materials to boost their value.

They note the ‘biggest elephant in the room’ is how to decouple growth and capitalism from the circular economy. Capitalism only works with growthism. Because the circular economy is a degrowth strategy, is it incompatible with capitalism or does the idea of capitalism need to adapt to the limits of earth’s resources?

2. The materials, energy, and biodiversity [interconnections]

The promise of the circular economy is to recover materials which requires less energy, find nature-based solutions that contribute to increased biodiversity, and thus reduce the overall demand on raw materials while bettering our ecosystem and quality of life. This is the essence of the metaphorical circle in a circular economy. However, we still need material and energy to build a renewable energy infrastructure. Waste incinerators, as one example, keeps garbage out of the earth while generating energy but at a cost to air quality.

An abundance of energy is also needed to run all the recycling and processing plants intended to feed reused materials back into the economy. In addition, when done at scale, a circular economy could become so efficient that it encourages more pollution, energy demand, and renewable resources. Increased energy production, say through biofuels, could lead to further biodiversity loss, which is needed to improve soil health, reduce erosion, and improve air and water quality. Raw materials, energy, and biodiversity are interconnected and can’t be addressed in isolation or in a linear flow on the path toward a circular economy.

3. Evaluating and assessing the full impacts of a circular economy

We’re not always as clever as we think, so we need ways to evaluate, assess, and adjust as we go. This is especially true given a common misnomer that increased efficiencies lead to reductions in resource consumption. Imagine all the inventions throughout history that promised more leisure time at home when in fact they often led to more to more production and consumption. For example, laundry machines led to more laundry.

This is known as the Jevons paradox. Increased efficiencies lead to falling costs which increases demand leading to more consumption. Circular economies that promote eco-efficiency run the risk of creating rebound effects. That’s the paradox. Attempts to slow down and reduce leads to the opposite — accelerated extraction, consumption, and destruction. Cost reductions from cheap renewable energy, for example, could increase demand for it. Meanwhile, that cheap energy may allow a cheaper widget to be made increasing demand and consumption of the widget. Humans need self-regulating evaluative safeguards on our ingenuity if we want us, and our circular economy, to thrive and survive.

YOU CAN’T FLEE ESG

4. Governance, social justice, and cultural change

A 2017 study looked at 114 different definitions of circular economy and only 18-20% considered social equity. Looking at nearly 5000 academic papers, researchers found just 804 from the fields of social sciences and humanities. Most were from environmental science, engineering, and energy sciences. Yet, as researchers found in 2018, those attempting to put the circular economy into practice identified the main barrier to adoption is cultural acceptance and changes to consumer beliefs and behaviors. Technology was the least of their concerns.

They concluded that “circular economy is a niche discussion among sustainable development professionals.” There’s also the issue of power. In the race toward energy and economic transition, once again dominant states will forcibly instill technocratic top-down governmental and corporate agendas. Meanwhile, historically marginalized stakeholders will continue fighting for social, environmental, and economic justice. Sounds like ESG won’t be going away any time soon…or ever.

5. Alternative visions of circularity

The lack of attention on cultural and social dimensions could be addressed by including likeminded visions and existing practice. The concept of circularity and ecological reciprocity is fundamental to Indigenous cultures around the world. Many have extended, modified, and adapted sustainable ancestral hunter-gatherer, agrarian, and pastoral ways of living — and some still do. They also tend to adopt pluralistic ideals that enable and foster mutual coexistence and largely avoid ethnocentric economic and environmental agendas. And they don’t seek global dominance of resources and cultural assimilation.

For centuries Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism have also promoted harmonious societies complete with ecologically sound philosophies and practices. Some of those philosophies are alive today. Since 2000 Japan has adopted a “Fundamental Plan for Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society” which tracks

“how effectively materials are used in industrial activities and people’s daily lives, in terms of creating more wealth using fewer resources.”

There are many alternative ways to reduce, reuse, recycle, and repair that all include elements of circularity, reduced consumption, and measures of growth. And it’s likely our diverse planet will need more than one flavor of circular economy.

These five gaps illustrate both the diversity and complexity surrounding conceptions and implementations of the circular economy. The Economist magazine highlighted how the subjectivity and size of ESG not only leads to confusion but a tendency to over-promise and under-deliver. It seems the circular economy suffers the same risk. And yet, human history shows examples of how plurality of thought, belief, and culture when coupled with eco-efficient circularity and reciprocity fueled centuries of coexistence with each other and the planet’s complex web of nested systems.

Circularity is not new, and it’s not a trend. Examples are found at all levels of ecologies, and societies, on which we depend. Understanding, situating, and articulating past and existing circular concepts in nature and societies – representing diverse interpretations from all corners of the world – is what is needed to enable a socially just, economically sound, and environmentally sustainable path forward.

ESG is an attempt to lead us there under the current economic model. And while the ‘E’ in emissions should be the key to ESG, we need all three for the circular economy.

Tune in next time as I unpack the history of modern articulations of a circular economy. I’ll map socio-economic, environmental, and political approaches against a range of technological utopias and dystopias.

Hello Interactors,

Fall is upon us and so Interplace transitions to economics. I’ll be writing about how location, distribution, and the spatial organization of economic activities interacts with and affects humanity. The current dominant economic model insists on persistent and endless growth despite acknowledgement of its role in climate change, income inequality, and disappearing limited stocks of natural resources. There’s got to be a better way, and I’m on the hunt to find alternatives.

As interactors, you’re special individuals self-selected to be a part of an evolutionary journey. You’re also members of an attentive community so I welcome your participation.

Please leave your comments below or email me directly.

Now let’s go…

FLIGHTS OF NASTY

I attended a panel discussion last Friday on environmental justice. One panel member represented a nearby Seattle community called Beacon Hill. It’s a 6.5 mile long stretch just north of the SeaTac airport putting it on a flight path. Roughly 65% of flights land over Beacon Hill when the wind is out of the south. During busy times, a plane descends over their homes nearly every 90 seconds to two minutes. And because it’s on a hill, they’re 300 feet closer to the noise and pollution.

FAA guidelines require a 65-decibel limit, and Sea-Tac claims they comply, but Beacon Hill is beyond the boundary for which they monitor. Even the U.S. Bureau of Transportation and Statistics reported in 2017 levels in this area were between 40-75 decibels. When residents organized and measured noise themselves, they never recorded any plane below 50 decibels and some hit 80. That’s about as loud as a kitchen blender and too loud to hear the person next to you.

But what this panel member shared, sometimes through tears, is it’s not just the noise but the repetition. With each passing plane the stress mounts in anticipation of the next one. It’s hard to concentrate or hold a conversation. She worries about her son. How much does this environmental stress contribute to his ADHD? His trouble at school. Her husband, who rides his bike most places, suffered from esophageal cancer. How much did the air pollution contribute to his condition?

In the time between planes, the ultrafine particles (UFPs) from the last plane have already mixed with the air they breathe. Jet engines uniquely expel plumes of ultrafine particle pollution. A recent University of Washington (UW) study confirms similar studies in Los Angeles, Atlanta, Boston, New York, and Amsterdam. Flight paths are home to high concentrations of ultrafine particles raining down over unsuspecting victims. In Los Angeles, 90% of school children in the flight path are exposed to these particulates one hour out of every school day.

These particulates are smaller than the PM2.5 typically found from fossil fuel combustion and tire and brake dust. They’re also not as widely studied. Nobody really knows what kind of long-term effects they may have on the human body. However, there is animal evidence showing long-term exposure to ultrafine particles leads to adverse health effects, including neurological. A 2019 study published by the Washington State Department of Health reports,

“UFPs have many unique qualities that make them possibly more harmful to human health than larger particles. UFPs are able to travel deeper into the lung than larger particles. They are also small enough to avoid the body’s attempts to clear particles from the lungs, allowing them to stay in the body longer, to build up, and to cause damage. They can also move from the lungs to the bloodstream and to other organs.”

Evidence of short-term effects on human health are conclusive. The study warns,

“Certain groups of people are more sensitive to UFP exposure. These groups include people with pre-existing heart and lung disease, infants, older adults, people with diabetes, communities with a lower socio-economic status, and pregnant women.”

Beacon Hill is a place where 70% of residents identify as Black, Indigenous, multiracial, or persons of color. More than half speak a language other than English. They’re also flanked by two major interstates and have another smaller airport, King County International Airport (KCIA) (aka Boeing Field), between them and Sea-Tac. The UW study showed anyone living within 150 meters of the freeway would also be exposed to ultrafine particles from passing vehicles, especially semi-trucks on their way to and from Sea-Tac.

In 2021, the Puget Sound Regional Council published a Regional Aviation Baseline Study. There are 27 public-use airports in Western Washington’s Puget Sound region, and the three biggest are Sea-Tac, King County International Airport, and Paine Field just north of Seattle. Scheduled passenger service is only available at Sea-Tac and Paine Field. In 2018 these two airports served 24 million enplanements. One enplanement is a single passenger per airplane. By 2027 they project this number will grow to 29 million. By 2050 it will double, 49 million at the low end and 56 million at the high end.

That’s just commercial passenger traffic. What about cargo? In 2017 540 thousand metric tons of cargo flew through Western Washington. Eighty-five percent goes through Sea-Tac. By 2050, it too is projected to double to 1.5 million metric tons. However, these peak loads are seasonal. During harvest time, Washington State’s value crops, like cherries, increase cargo demands. So how is this increased demand to be met?

FLYING TOO CLOSE TO THE SUN

To assess solutions to growing demand, the 2019 Washington State Legislature formed the Commercial Aviation Coordinating Commission (CACC). Their objective is to recommend a new primary commercial aviation facility and additional ways to add capacity to six existing airports across the state to accommodate future demand.

To get an idea for how governments intend to shape outcomes of commissions they assemble, it’s good to look at the backgrounds of invited commissioners. In an era of increased awareness and needs for environmental, economic, and social justice, a good commission should be comprised of a diverse set of points of view and expertise. Especially given the current and historical economic, social, and environmental injustices existing power structures have created.

Through this lens, the list of commissioners is disappointing. Of the fourteen voting members, there are just two women, one person of color, and only one has a background in environmental law. The rest are white men, with one of Asian decent raised in England. Their bios read like a who’s-who of business leaders, economic development advisors, aviation enthusiasts, airport directors and developers, military leaders, and even representatives from Southwest and American Airlines. One member offered no bio at all and seemingly has no presence on the internet.

The remaining twelve non-voting members must then balance this majority of aviation zealots geared toward economic development. Nope. More of the same – former senators, regional transportation directors, air cargo specialists, a member of the Civil Air Patrol, an aviation officer…the list goes on. They do have a state senator, Tina Orwall, who has “20 years of experience working in the public mental health system.”

So, two people out of 26, an environmental lawyer and a left-leaning woman senator, may offer a voice for environmental justice and sustainable economic development. The rest will be fighting for state and federal dollars for airport and economic expansion. While public documents give lip service to ‘community engagement’ and ‘the environment’ history shows there is little likelihood this collection of people will have environmental justice as a top priority.

Every level of government wants the number of flights to increase, despite having goals to reduce carbon emissions. With increased flight traffic comes increased ground traffic, despite also having goals to reduce congestion. If this weren’t so tragic, it would be a comedy.

This is the essence of environmental justice; the unfair exposure of poor and marginalized people and places to harms associated with an economy these people and places are least responsible for – an economy which disproportionately benefits the prosperous and mainstream members of society. It’s an economic model, to which we’re addicted, requiring unlimited growth despite relying on the extraction of natural resources which are limited.

The environmental scientist, complex systems icon, and author of Limits of Growth, Donella Meadows, offers a series of questions these commissioners and elected leaders should ask whenever arguments for economic growth are put forth. She said,

“Growth is one of stupidest purposes ever invented by any culture. We’ve got to have enough. Always ask: growth of what and why, and for whom, and who pays the cost, and how long can it last, and what’s the cost to the planet, and how much is enough?”

Meadows, and many environmental justice activists and scholars, are calling for system change in the fight against climate change.

Reading Washington State’s plans for addressing its aviation woes, it’s clear system change is not on their radar. If Washington’s economy were a plane, elected leaders and assigned commissioners believe this plane can climb to infinite heights.

Imagine a plane gradually ascending beyond its physical limits and the bodily limits of its passengers. Now imagine cries to pilots to please level-off from suffering passengers first and most impacted. They’d be met with quizzical looks and ignored while most passengers would gleefully encourage the plane to climb faster and higher. That’s what it’s like when individuals in impacted communities cry and call for limits on the pain, suffering, and pollution at the hands of our economy.

Apart from a few local elected officials, they mostly are ignored. Most are too busy trying to grow the economy. Which in turn will increase the number of flights to Sea-Tac, the area’s economy, suffering, and the number of premature deaths due to air and noise pollution. Meanwhile, many Beacon Hill residents are too busy holding multiple jobs, too weary from the fight for justice, and too disempowered or discouraged to speak up.

The assembled aviation and business experts no doubt have good intentions, but it’s clear they’re tasked with one thing: tip the nose of the economic plane upwards while steadily increasing the throttle. After all, the model dictates that the state must remain competitive in a national and international race upwards toward a misleadingly infinite extractive consumer economy. This assumes there is no limit to growth despite empirical planetary evidence to the contrary. What’s the worse that could happen? Evidently, so far, nothing bad enough to prompt leaders to change the system.

To be fair, this commission and the Puget Sound Regional Council, do consider the air quality studies out of the University of Washington. They also consider another UW study exploring alternative ground transportation, including high-speed rail. There are other ‘sustainable’ elements the state is exploring, including biofuel and electric planes. However, creating a pipeline of biofuel to Sea-Tac they admit has its own challenges. Though, they pale in comparison to the struggles sourcing enough biofuel to meet demand. So that leaves electric planes, like electric cars, as the great savior.

ANOTHER INLAND LOGISTICS EMPIRE

Just this week, the dream of electric flight made one stride toward reality. A prototype of an electric nine-seater passenger plane successfully took off, circled the airport, and landed. A Washington first and a necessary first step toward certification. The plane was assembled in Washington state, made of engines and parts largely made in Washington state, and by a Washington state company called Eviation. Their CEO, Greg Davis, said “What we’ve just done is made aviation history. This is about changing the way that we fly. It’s about connecting communities in a sustainable way…ushering in a new era of aviation.” He may be right. But when?

When asked if this flying equivalent of a large Tesla, with 21,500 battery cells accounting for half of the plane’s weight of over 4 tons, is ready for passenger flights, he quipped, “The answer is no, absolutely not.” At least he’s honest. I optimistically believe some of our regional transportation problems can be solved by sustainably leveraging the thousands of municipal airports under-utilized across America. But it’s decades away.

Meanwhile, I believe this flight was mostly a PR stunt. The airport chosen for this historic flight was the Grant County International Airport at Moses Lake. Until this flight, most of Washington state didn’t know there was even an airport at Moses Lake. But it’s one of the top choices by the commission for expansion and they’ll need public support to pay for it.

Back in 2016 a group of senators formed a ‘roundtable’ to examine the growing air cargo industry. This is what eventually became the Commercial Aviation Coordinating Commission. They noted, “The top five air cargo commodities through Sea-Tac are cherries, seafood, footwear parts, aerospace components, and aluminum alloy and graphite.” All of these serve the Washington economy except for footwear parts which likely serves Nike and the footwear economy in Portland.

Knowing back then Sea-Tac had reached capacity, the attention turned to Eastern Washington. A Spokane roundtable member offered they had “Plenty of capacity and land reserved…to be developed for cargo…”, but then asked “How do we make strategic corrections?” There was a recognized need to make Eastern Washington attractive to air cargo carriers. Building or expanding alone doesn’t lead to success, you need private companies to believe it will succeed. Enter Moses Lake and the Grant County International Airport.

Ideas were thrown out. “Cold storage [for locally grown produce…like cherries and apples]…may be an incentive.” They imagined cargo planes could “Park in Moses Lake then” rail and trucks could “go back and get cargo.” They imagined “This would help open the runways in Sea-Tac,” but wondered “Would this financially work?” Before concluding the ‘roundtable’ they agreed they needed “to hear from businesses and companies.”

So, they commissioned the ‘Joint Transportation Committee’ to conduct a “study of air cargo movement at Washington airports” with a 2018 deadline. In that 2018 report seven airports were identified as targets for expansion, including the Grant County International Airport at Moses Lake which is right smack between Spokane and Seattle…and close to nearby produce.

In 2018, a “Washington State Air Cargo Movement Study” offered this as a recommendation:

“To attract the logistics/distribution market, the State of Washington should promote to individual airports the “inland port” or airport logistics park model…branding themselves ‘Global Logistics Centers.’”

This reminds me of a piece I wrote last year about Southern California’s ‘One Click Buy’ Empire. Moreno Valley, California is building out a World Logistics Center. Forty-five percent of the nation’s imports are already trained, trucked, or flown into this “Inland Empire”, unpacked, sorted, and reloaded onto trains, trucks, and planes then fanned out again across the nation. California’s South Coast Air Quality District estimates the new logistics center will add an additional 30,000 heavy-duty trucks to area roads per day.

Heavy-duty diesel trucks emit 24 times more fine particulate matter than regular gasoline engines. Those living closer to the freeways will be affected more. And we all know who lives next to freeways…predominantly poor and people of color. Just like in Beacon Hill.

This last August the state conducted a survey across six counties in Western Washington seeking input on potential expansion and brand-new airports around the Puget Sound region. From 56-77% of participants, depending on county, said ‘No’ to new airports. Only Paine Field received support for expansion averaging 58% in favor.

Environmental concerns are the overwhelming reason for why people oppose more airports or airport expansion. It seems everyone who can afford it wants cheap and available flights, next day deliveries, and fresh Washington cherries. And those lucky enough to have a 401K or stock portfolio want the market and the economy to grow, grow, grow. But nobody wants more flights or more pollution. That’s particularly true for those already suffering from environmental injustices – like those in Beacon Hill and countless other homes in the path of jets jettisoning plumes of particulate pollution. Far flung fumes consumed by our lungs triggering affects unknown.

How do we change this system so we all can prosper under economic vitality while minimizing the negative environmental and socio-economic impacts? If we’re going to grow, what are we growing and why? For whom? Who pays the cost? How long can it last? What’s the cost to the planet? How much is enough?

This is what I intend to explore throughout this fall as I unpack what I believe to be the front runner for a new economic model: the circular economy. I’ll look at not just the theory but attempts to put it into practice. Perhaps our economy can be like the journey of an airplane after all – take off, level off, land, take off, level off, land – an infinite circle flown within the limits of the plane, the earth, and its occupants.

Hello Interactors,

I’m back from planting our kids at college. Now we watch our not-so-little Weed’s grow from a distance. I had a recent visit from a plant scientist friend last week that inspired me to dig into the blending of traditional Western science and Indigenous knowledge. Each have a lot to offer human adaptation strategies to the effects of climate change, but to do so will require new approaches and increased sensitivities to generations of abuse, neglect, and disrespect. This is part one of a two-part series that starts with a grounding in what integration exists today and why it’s important.

As interactors, you’re special individuals self-selected to be a part of an evolutionary journey. You’re also members of an attentive community so I welcome your participation.

Please leave your comments below or email me directly.

Now let’s go…

TEARS OF JOY AND SORROW

It was cause for celebration, but hers were not tears of joy. It was the ten-year anniversary of the largest dam removal in United States history. The Elwha Dam was completed in 1921 to dam the 45-mile-long Elwha River for electricity generation under the settler colonial banner of “Power and Progress.” A second larger dam was built in 1927. The Elwha is the fourth largest river on the Olympic Peninsula that sits on the western most Pacific coast of Washington State. It was once home to the country’s second largest salmon run behind Alaska. After the dams were built, they robbed these fish of 40 miles of habitat.

They also robbed the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe - ʔéʔɬx̣ʷaʔ nəxʷsƛ̕áy̕əm̕ – “The Strong People” of their food source and economy while submerging their spiritual land and identity in 21 million cubic yards of sediment. That’s over one million dumpsters full of rocks and sand. If you stacked them, they’d reach over 700 miles into the air. Placed end to end they’d stretch over 3000 miles across America coast to coast.

And now, ten years later, the salmon are running again, habitat is getting restored, and the sediment is redistributing. So why the tears? For scientists to accurately measure the successes of dam removal – and further justify the removal of more dams worldwide – the federal, state, and tribal governments agreed to a moratorium on fishing the returning salmon. It seemed a worthwhile compromise to the tribal community, but after over one hundred years of suffering their losses – and seeing the fish run as their elders had once seen – their yearning for a return to their cultural heritage has intensified over the last decade. Recent years of healthy salmon runs have tested their patience with colonial powers continuing to dictate their way of life – even as they simultaneously celebrate their joint successes.

It was the U.S. Congress who passed the Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act in 1992 to restore dwindling salmon populations, but it was the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe who had fought to have those dams removed even as they were being built. They also helped fund the research necessary for successful removal. And now they want to live as they once did – in a self-determined and self-sustaining autonomous but integrated coexistence with their neighbors.

A friend of mine is a plant scientist for the project who attended the celebration event in Port Angeles, Washington last week. The early economic growth of this city depended on the electricity generated by those dams. He told me the words and subsequent tears by the woman representing the tribe was the most gripping and poignant moment of the event. It left many scientists conflicted about the proper path forward.

Continued research will help with planning of future dam removal projects, including what would displace the Elwha project as the largest dam removal effort in history on the Klamath River. This project involves the removal of four dams that stretch across the Oregon and California border.

But what is more important? More data collection and academic papers supporting future dam removals or resuming the human rights of an abused and afflicted Klallam community? The answer won’t come from the scientists, but from deliberations between multiple levels of governments, agencies, and departments strewn across many jurisdictions.

BRIDGING BARRIERS

The Elwha dams are representative of countless ecological discontinuities brought on by colonial expansion and attempted erasure and conversion of Indigenous cultures and populations around the world. The Elwha dam removal indeed created a precedent that inspired ecological restoration projects worldwide. And while the collaboration between members of the Klallam people and U.S. government officials, volunteers, and scientists has largely been healthy, the tension that spawned the removal in the first place still remains – competition for fishing rights.

These dams posed an immediate threat to the Klallam people and their way of living, as they still do for the Klamath people and others like them. But a greater compounding threat grows more imminent every day – the effects of climate change. Despite minimal contributions to causes of climate change, Indigenous populations suffer the greatest risks of the effects. This is most apparent and acute right now in Pakistan as one third of that country remains flooded.

Pakistanis are indeed in need of outside help. But too often Western aid swoops in with relief and then disappears leaving them with little support for how to survive the next disaster. Just as profit seeking colonists left the Klallam people with little support for survival. But instead of resorting to fatalistic language and traditional paternalistic hero mentalities that portray Indigenous communities as helpless and hopeless, some scientists and activists are shifting toward community-based adaptation strategies. These efforts start by first experiencing and understanding how these communities are affected, but then recognizing many of them also have deep ancestral knowledge and history of how to adapt to a changing climate.

To strike a healthy balance between Western government aid and scientific knowledge and local needs and culture will require increased sensitivities to historical traumas inflicted by colonization, extreme capitalism, and forced acculturation. There is a myriad of language, linguistic, and cultural gaps that challenge the documentation, translation, and integration of Western scientific approaches with Indigenous ecological and cultural knowledge so that it is accurate, complete, and fair. Meanwhile, the planet is warming, the environment is shifting, and the pressure for adaptation systems and mechanisms is mounting.

To bridge these knowledge gaps requires a concerted effort around the globe to establish consistent approaches to Indigenous knowledge integration in scientific literature. In 2020 a group of researchers started by asking this fundamental question:

“How is evidence of indigenous knowledge on climate change adaptation geographically and thematically distributed in the peer-reviewed literature?”

What they found is the number of publications per year focusing on Indigenous knowledge and climate change adaptation has grown considerably over the last ten or so years. Between 1994 and 2008 their search yielded just six scientific publications that included evidence of Indigenous knowledge. There were that many in 2009 alone. Ten years later, in 2019, the number grew sevenfold to 42.

The majority, 133 of the 236 sampled, came from the field of Environmental Science. Social Sciences (97) and Earth and Planetary Sciences (50) had the second and third most publications respectively. Then came Agriculture and Biological Sciences (36), Medicine (22), and Health Professions (14). The word-cloud they generated from the corpus ranked these as the most common words: ‘vulnerability’, ‘resilience’, ‘drought’, ‘community’, ‘perception’, ‘impact’, ‘food security’, ‘agriculture’, and ‘adaptive capacity’. Given the most repeated words all relate to health and survival, researchers in the health and human services academy and industry have some work to do.

In terms of geographic distribution, a large proportion of publications study regions in Africa and Asia. The most studied countries are India, Zimbabwe, and Canada. There is no worldwide count of Indigenous populations and most studies don’t mention tribal names, so it’s hard to determine fair distribution. However, based on the data available, the authors suggest the biggest gaps may be in central Africa, northern Asia, Greenland, Australia, parts of South America and Polynesia.

Of the attributes of Indigenous knowledge represented, most publications (170) included “Factual knowledge about the environment and environmental changes” like precipitation, temperature, ice thickness, and wind speed. Two of the least represented attributes were:

* “Cultural values and worldviews (61) like relationship to land, stewardship, values of reciprocity, collectiveness, equilibrium, and solidarity.

* “Governance and social capital” (61) like food sharing and social networks as well as informal social safety nets.

These seem to me to be valuable sets of knowledge in the face of worldwide human ‘vulnerability’, ‘resilience’, and ‘capacity to adapt’ to the effects of climate change. Some scientists are shifting from describing the facts of climate change toward better understanding of human mitigation, migration, and adaptation.

BLENDING BARRIERS

One of the reasons Indigenous communities are so helpful is their cultural lineage and oral history traditions include solutions, strategies, and innovations of past human adaptations to a changing climate. This all despite past attempts by evil colonizers to suppress and destroy their knowledge, traditions, and even their existence. But these people and civilizations gained and sustained through generations of ecological experimentation. They benefited from innovations in grassland growth, fire management, and crop alteration.

Over decades and centuries, they evolved countless trials of seed germination, hybridization, and dispersal to achieve maximal crop yields. (e.g., symbiotic ‘Three Sisters’ crop clustering). They also developed predator management schemes enabling them, and their crops, to survive and thrive. Their mediation of the environment provided a mutualistic food web rooted in natural forms of ecological reciprocity. But this knowledge was not and is not static.

They had to endure and adapt to environmental dynamism at varying scales of time and space. Change occurred at a local level with daily shifts in the weather but also at a regional level from sudden climatic and geological perturbations like earthquakes, floods, droughts, and volcanoes. All of which had effects lasting decades and centuries.

These events led some populations to hunker down and innovate new methods of survival amidst a changed but familiar environment, while others migrated near and far to survive. For those who didn’t make it, their knowledge is lost. However, some traces of their existence, their paths of migration, shelter, and food habits do, and we rely on archeologists to bring those facts and interpretations to light.

But even in the best of situations, as evidenced with the Elwha project, balancing hard quantitative science with qualitative humanitarianism while in search of adaptation and survival strategies poses a host of challenges. Not the least of which is the fact that within these works exist many gaps in human and environmental knowledge across the spectrum of global space and time.

But a new approach in archaeology and ecology is emerging called ‘archaeoecology. It strives for a more robust intellectual understanding of the interaction of people and place that spans the globe and the past 60,000 years of existence. It’s a proposed blending of ecological and archaeological research that, when augmented with Traditional Ecological Knowledge, can fill gaps of the past so that plans can be made now for how humans can survive in the future. And as the Klallam people have reminded us, regardless of the past, the time for healthy adaptation to a changed environment needs to start now.

Today we switch from Swedish to English as I have a conversation with my good friend Hilary Levine from California, USA. We start off with some small talk, reminiscing back to the 80's when we got acquainted. Then we discuss Hilary's passion, and the subject that she received her Master's degree in: Holocaust and Genocide Studies. Hilary teaches teachers and gives lectures on these important topics. I ask the questions: What can we do in coming generations to never forget? And WHY is it important not to forget? Ukraine gets integrated into the conversation as Hilary, through genealogy research, has found that many of her ancestors come from there. Of course, we also adress the current and sad situation in Ukraine. Also, as Hilary is Jewish, I am curious about how she perceives her faith, and what important elements of the Jewish lifestyle that we can learn from. All in all, a very nice conversation.

RJ Spina is a metaphysical teacher based in San Diego California. In his recent book "Supercharged Self-Healing" RJ recounts his life-threatening illness and how he managed to heal from within using powerful healing techniques.

We talk rather deep about the nature of the self, metaphysical frequencies and much more.

Check out RJs book at:

https://www.akademibokhandeln.se/bok/supercharged-self-healing/9780738768090/
 
Read more about RJ on his website:

https://www.ascendthefrequencies.com/

Lisa Dodson, born in New York, have almost 50 years of experience from coaching in addition to a professional career after she graduated from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1979. Lisa is still coaching tennis in New York and have previously been the director of tennis at many different clubs in California, Florida and New York. After an injury 2009 Lisa developed her tennis serve training tool and after 18 months of development, research and work the Servemaster was on the market.

In this episode we talk about:
- playing serve- and volley
- how to teach the serve and the importance of the grip
- the idea behind the ServeMaster
- why it's good to use different tools to teach right technique
- Lisa's new tool to be released, the TossMaster

www.linuspabaslinjen.com
www.houseofbontin.se

Ronie Berggren och Björn Norström om det senaste i USA: Bidens senaste blunders; USA gör sig redo att konfrontera Coronavirusets Omricon-variant; Demokratisk kongressman i Texas blir Republikan; Karl Rove kritiserar George Soros; Ökad brottslighet i California och dödlig smash and grab; Kyle Rittenhouse och Ahmaud Arbery visar att amerikanskt rättssystem fungerar; Sveriges radio i självrannsakan om rapportering om Rittenhouse; USA Today svartmålar Thanksgiving; Programvärd på MSNBC kritiserar Dollar Tree för att försöka kontra Biden-inflationen; Republikanska kongresskvinnan Lauren Boebert ber om ursäkt till Ilhan Omar för islamskämt; Hunter Biden fick stora guld-mutor från Kina; Svarte bilmassaker-skyldige Darrell Brooks var antisemit, uttryckte hat mot vita; Qanon förvirrade efter Rittenhouses avfärdande av Lin Wood; Man som släpptes ut efter sänkt borgen mördar 13-åring i New York.

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STÖD AMERIKANSKA NYHETSANALYSER: http://usapol.blogspot.com/p/stod-oss-support-us.html

Med utgång i rapporterna om rätt kass kultur på vissa spelbolag och i deras spel på sistone så pratar vi om osynliga privilegier och privilegier en oftast inte tänker på, vikten av att utbilda sig själv, att kunskap inte är svårt att hitta idag och att våga säga ifrån.

Om du gillar podden blir vi väldigt glada för en liten recension i iTunes, prenumeration på Spotify eller om du säger hej på Twitter (Anton, Therése) <3

Vi summerar vad vi fick se under tisdagens ”California streaming”-event från Apple samt bjuder på ett smakprov från vårt långa bonusavsnitt. Dessutom berättar Danne hur han löste sitt AirTag-problem och Andreas har fått plocka upp en trasig iPad från golvet.
Missa inte vårt bonusavsnitt som finns i feeden sedan tidigare där ni kan lyssna på våra spontana kommentarer när vi tittar på ”California streaming” tillsammans.

Har du frågor eller kommentarer till oss får du gärna besöka vår hemsida 0941-podden.se där ett formulär för feedback finns redo. Annars går det utmärkt att hitta oss på sociala medier som Facebook, Instagram, Twitter eller YouTube.
Hitta oss och följ oss i din podcastspelare genom att söka efter ”0941-podden”. Stötta oss genom att lämna minst 5 stjärnor i betyg och lämna gärna en kommentar i Apple Podcasts.
Är du sugen på att stötta oss i vårt arbete med podden och dess utveckling? Vi har därför öppnat upp för möjligheten att skänka en engångsgåva eller att bli månadsgivare till podden genom tjänsten ”Buy me a coffee”. Vi gör podden för att det är roligt, inte för att tjäna pengar. Att bidra är helt valfritt och podden kommer alltid vara gratis att lyssna på.
Du som är intresserad av att sponsra 0941-podden kan ta kontakt på hej@0941-podden.se
Intromusiken är skapat av Audionautix.com

Ronie Berggren om Californias guvernör Gavin Newsom som överlevde återkallningsvalet den 14 september.

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STÖD AMERIKANSKA NYHETSANALYSER: http://usapol.blogspot.com/p/stod-oss-support-us.html

Ett vinnande koncept tåls att upprepas, därför har vi bestämt oss att titta på Apples ”California streaming”-event tillsammans. I detta långa bonusavsnitt får ni höra våra spontana kommentarer när Apple presenterar ny hårdvara från Kalifornien.

Har du frågor eller kommentarer till oss får du gärna besöka vår hemsida 0941-podden.se där ett formulär för feedback finns redo. Annars går det utmärkt att hitta oss på sociala medier som Facebook, Instagram, Twitter eller YouTube.

Hitta oss och följ oss i din podcastspelare genom att söka efter ”0941-podden”. Stötta oss genom att lämna minst 5 stjärnor i betyg och lämna gärna en kommentar i Apple Podcasts.

Är du sugen på att stötta oss i vårt arbete med podden och dess utveckling? Vi har därför öppnat upp för möjligheten att skänka en engångsgåva eller att bli månadsgivare till podden genom tjänsten ”Buy me a coffee”. Vi gör podden för att det är roligt, inte för att tjäna pengar. Att bidra är helt valfritt och podden kommer alltid vara gratis att lyssna på.

Du som är intresserad av att sponsra 0941-podden kan ta kontakt på hej@0941-podden.se

Intromusiken är skapat av Audionautix.com

Vi täcker in Apples senaste event ”California streaming”, med åsikter om allt från nya iPhone 13-serien via iPad mini till Apple Watch series 7. Inte så mycket specifikationer men däremot gott om åsikter i klassisk och sann EPOT-andra, som sig bör. Så ratta in och häng med när vi delar våra tankar om årets kanske största produktlansering från Cupertino.

Ur veckans avsnitt

Feedback

Ämnen

Eftersnack

En podd om teknik

Huvudfokus i detta avsnitt är på Apples inbjudan till kommande event ”California streaming”. Vi diskuterar vilka produkter vi tror kommer presteras under tisdagens event. Dessutom pratar vi om bomben som läckaren Jon Prosser släppte gällande framtida iPhone 14 som skapa kaos på internet.

Har du frågor eller kommentarer till oss får du gärna besöka vår hemsida 0941-podden.se där ett formulär för feedback finns redo. Annars går det utmärkt att hitta oss på sociala medier som Facebook, Instagram, Twitter eller YouTube.
Hitta oss och följ oss i din podcastspelare genom att söka efter ”0941-podden”. Stötta oss genom att lämna minst 5 stjärnor i betyg och lämna gärna en kommentar i Apple Podcasts.
Länkar från dagens avsnitt:

Apple bjuder in till ”California streaming”
Jon Prosser läcker iPhone 14
Matt Talks Tech - Apple Glasses


Är du sugen på att stötta oss i vårt arbete med podden och dess utveckling? Vi har därför öppnat upp för möjligheten att skänka en engångsgåva eller att bli månadsgivare till podden genom tjänsten ”Buy me a coffee”. Vi gör podden för att det är roligt, inte för att tjäna pengar. Att bidra är helt valfritt och podden kommer alltid vara gratis att lyssna på.
Du som är intresserad av att sponsra 0941-podden kan ta kontakt på hej@0941-podden.se
Intromusiken är skapat av Audionautix.com

Kimberly Nicholas is a sustainability scientist at Lund University. She is the author of UNDER THE SKY WE MAKE: How to be Human in a Warming World, and the monthly climate newsletter We Can Fix It. Born and raised on her family’s vineyard in Sonoma, California, she studied the effect of climate change on the California wine industry for her PhD in Environment and Resources at Stanford University.
Her goal is to understand how to steward ecosystems to support a good life for everyone alive today, and leave a thriving planet for future generations.
I met Kimberly in her yard in Lund in the middle of June to talk about her new book and what its like to be a climate scientist during this escalating climate crises, how to make people aware of the fact that we need to act now and that we need to change our exploitation mindset into a regeneration mindset and redefine what a good life is really about. We also talked about why feelings are so important and the need to make space for grief, but also for visions and how we as individuals have much more power to make meaningful change than most of us realise.

David Holthouse is a writer and filmmaker whose investigation into a triple homicide in California's Emerald Triangle became the subject of the HULU documentary "Sasquatch". Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

John Nores has served as a game warden with the California Dept. of Fish and Wildlife. There he co-developed the Marijuana Enforcement Team (MET) and Delta Team, the CDFW's first comprehensive wilderness spec ops tactical and sniper unit, aimed at combatting the marijuana cartel's decimation of California's wildlife resources. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Gino & AJ are the owners of Speedweed - "California’s best, most highly rated medical marijuana delivery service" Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices